Towards a classification of marine wildlife crime: Marketing strategies to curtail illegal fishing,malicious acts,and waterway pollution

Much effort has been dedicated to fighting wildlife crime with modest results. This paper focuses on marine wildlife crime, which suffers from a certain level of neglect due to terrestrial bias (a predominant focus on land animals). Despite legislative and enforcement efforts, there has been little integration of marketing techniques to curtail marine wildlife crime. For these reasons, we set out to study current issues surrounding marine wildlife crime by conducting interviews with three experts in areas of marine education, research, and legislation. The interviews provide an overview of the threats to marine wildlife, aid in the development of a classification of marine wildlife crime, and provide strategies as to what marketing actions may be useful to reduce it.     

Does longer incarceration deter or incapacitate crime? Evidence from Truth-in-Sentencing reform

This article evaluates how Truth-in-Sentencing (TIS) laws impact both violent and property crimes through mandating violent offenders to serve a substantial proportion of sentenced terms before being eligible to release to community supervision. Focusing on states with effective TIS laws, I utilize the difference-in-differences design to investigate the treatment effect of TIS on crime. I observe statistically significant decline in both violent and property crimes in TIS states. A series of placebo tests confirm the robustness of the estimates and inferences. The dynamic impact of TIS is heterogeneous among the seven categories of violent and property crimes in TIS states: murder and robbery rates decline almost immediately after TIS, while property crime takes longer time to exhibit significant decline.     

食品犯罪立法研究综述

国内对食品犯罪的研究自《食品安全法》的颁布开始,其主要聚焦于食品犯罪的立法模式、处罚范围和法定刑的配置等方面,内容丰富而全面,对食品犯罪刑事立法得失的总结较为全面。国外对食品犯罪刑事立法的研究也主要集中在立法模式、处罚范围和刑罚配置等方面,这与我国不同,可供我国立法借鉴。纵览国内外关于食品犯罪刑事立法研究的状况,可吸取理论研究与立法动态紧密联系、大数据研究方法的运用和域外治理经验的借鉴等研究之长,在研究道路上继往开来。     

Does state-level per capita income affect juvenile delinquency? An empirical analysis for Indian states

While average juvenile crime rates across India has dropped in recent decades, juvenile property crime rates (total juvenile crimes divided by state population) has actually gone up from 15% in 2000-01 to about 20% in 2013-14. There is huge variation across states when it comes to juvenile crime rates. The literature on juvenile crime in the Indian context is scant. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of juvenile delinquency related to property crimes across Indian states. Results show that state income per capita has a non-linear impact on incidences of juvenile crime across Indian states - rising when the income starts growing for relatively poorer states but increasing at a diminishing rate when state income per capita rises further. When a poor state gets relatively richer, both opportunities to commit crime and returns from property crime increases. However, as the state grows even richer, growth of employment and state facilities including rehabilitation and redistribution, improve. Further, we find that states with the lowest income per capita and highest level of adult crime face the steepest increase in juvenile crime rates for a rise in state income per capita.     

The stabilization role of police spending in a neo-Keynesian economy with credit market imperfections

Motivated by a seemingly persistent “twin-high” phenomenon in Latin America, we present a novel theoretical framework that has linkages between three institutions (education, criminal justice, and credit) to study policy-pertinent research questions with regards to whether police spending has the potential to serve as an unconventional policy tool for macroeconomic management. Based on a stylized parameterization, we find formal and illegal human capital to share common cyclical properties, which can be "decoupled" under a rule-based regime to police spending. This nonetheless comes at a cost of a greater propagation of the credit friction-induced financial accelerator effect.     

Illegal drugs and public corruption: Crack based evidence from California

Do illegal drugs foster public corruption? To estimate the causal effect of drugs on public corruption, we adopt the synthetic control method and exploit the fact that crack cocaine markets emerged in California in 1981, before reaching any other U.S. state. Our results show that public corruption more than tripled in California in the first three years following the arrival of crack cocaine. We argue that this resulted from the particular characteristics of illegal drugs: cheap technology and rigid demand, which fosters a convergence of interests between criminals and corrupted public officials resulting in a positive causal impact of illegal drugs on corruption.     

浅谈职务犯罪的危害及预防

遏制职务犯罪、减少职务犯罪的危害,必须重视预防工作,只有预防在先,才能最大限度地保护党和国家及全体人民的利益。文章在对我国职务犯罪的现状、危害进行分析的基础上,提出了全民性预防、系统性预防、重点预防、建立完善的预防制度、加强制度执行力等预防职务犯罪的措施。     

我国未成年人罚金刑适用问题研究

近年来,我国未成年人犯罪呈上升趋势,除刑法规定的八种特殊情形外,刑法一般不对犯罪情节轻微的未成年人犯罪行为施以自由刑,而更多的适用罚金刑。因此,阐释了我国未成年人罚金刑的三种观点,对未成年人适用罚金刑存在的问题进行了分析,提出了完善我国未成年人适用罚金刑的相关建议,以期更好地发挥罚金刑的惩罚、威慑和感化等功能,加强对未成年人犯罪的惩罚和教育功能。     

宽严相济在惩治我国民族恐怖主义犯罪中的应用

民族恐怖主义犯罪作为一类犯罪现象,有其自身的特点。基于这些特点,我国宽严相济的刑事政策对于惩治民族恐怖主义犯罪具有指导意义。在打击民族恐怖主义犯罪中,必须贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策。在总体上,坚持以严为主的基本方针,注重从宽的基本原则,坚持相济的基本方法。在具体运用中,必须将宽严相济刑事政策落实到预防和惩治民族恐怖主义犯罪的刑事立法、刑事司法与刑事执行各个阶段。